Sexual desire is one of the important human needs which some people try to satisfy through traumatic ways. One of these ways is the use of pornographic products in various forms which are available to individuals and can result in irreversible harms to both society and individuals. The major harm caused by using such products is its negative impact on women at first and consequently on marriage and family. Accordingly, the main objective of the present study is the pathology of using such products for women. This is a qualitative study done with a phenomenological approach based on the purposeful sampling. In this regard, 20 men who were involved in suing pornographic products like videos and pictures were interviewed in detail. Data analysis was carried out using Kuliz method. Based on the findings of this study, the OUTCOMES of using such products can be classified into two categories of ATTITUDINAL OUTCOMES (in which a woman is regarded as a sexual means and may lead to fear of friendliness, improper conception of women and disruption of marriage.) and active OUTCOMES (in which sexual modeling, sexual addiction, rape and sexual violence and lustful sexual intercourse are done).

This survey amis to predict the ATTITUDINAL and behavioral OUTCOMES among professional Iranian soccer coaches based on Job Characteristics Model (JCM) perspective. 122 coaches of super league and first class responded to 7-point Likert questionnaire of job characteristics (Jacko, 2004).Results of Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) showed that there are job characteristics of skill variety (0.66), feedback from job (0.63), autonomy (0.60), specialization (0.55), task identity (0.55), problem solving (0.47), task significant (0.47), and information processing (0.45), respectively among soccer coaches. Results of Path Analysis (PA) for prediction of ATTITUDINAL and behavioral OUTCOMES showed that these OUTCOMES mainly created in soccer coaches by criteria psychological states (especially meaningfulness of the work). Thus, it seems that creating motivational settings in soccer coaches on professional level needs to more stimulation of skill variety, feedback from job and autonomy, to show positive reactions to their variety job and profession aspects of ATTITUDINAL and behavioral.

Background & Aim: Pain can detrimentally affect physical functioning, psychological well-being and social interaction. Various ATTITUDINAL factors may be associated with inadequate pain control. Hence, studies should be undertaken to gain a better understanding of association between pain control attitudes and use of analgesics and cancer pain intensity. This study aimed to determine relationship between pain control attitudes and use of analgesics and pain intensity in cancer patients with pain.Methods & Materials: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 200 cancer patients who underwent chemotherapy or radiotherapy and experienced pain in previous 24 hours. The pain control attitudes, use of analgesics, worrisome about using analgesics and physical and psychological impacts of pain were measured using questionnaires. The cancer pain intensity was measured using the visual analogue scale. Validity and reliability of the instruments were evaluated. Data were analyzed using independent t-test and ANOVA.Results: About 58% of patients agreed that they would wait before asking for help. Besides, the findings indicated that willing to tolerate pain and perceived control over pain were associated with the time and frequency of taking analgesic and pain intensity in previous 24 hours and last week. Also concerns about addiction to pain-relieving medications were related to the analgesic type and pain intensity within last week (P=0.03), and fear of injection was related to analgesic use and pain intensity within last week (P<0.001).Conclusion: Many cancer patients had attitudes which could interfere with pain relieving. Suggestions are made for developing patient education programs, accessing effective cancer pain controls and decision making for cancer pain relief.

The present research tries to investigate the attitudes of Faculty members who adopt traditional, distance or both educational systems towards e learning. The ex post facto method was used in this study and population of the survey included faculty members of Basic Sciences and Technology Universities of Tehran. The instrument was used a questionnaire containing some questions about Faculty beliefs towards electronical learning. The method of analysis was used MANOVA. In conclusion, it appears that skill development is a fundamental factor for professors to adopt e learning. On the other hand, those who didn’t have enough familiarity with e learning issue, were more reluctant to apply it.

Corrective feedback (CF) and its different types have long absorbed many scholars and practitioners. As Ellis (2009) mentioned some experimental studies need to be carefully designed to discover the relative effectiveness of each of these CF techniques. The goal of this qualitative study was to discover whether the employment of different CF strategies could bring about an ATTITUDINAL shift. To this end, 132 learners were randomly assigned to six different groups each receiving a different kind of corrective feedback. The participants' responses were compared before and after the treatment to find out how their attitude changed over the course of correction. The results suggested that different kinds of feedback strategies have their own proponents. The participants voiced their views on those feedback strategies. The implications of the findings are discussed at the end.